Description: "Anyone who has ever pondered using a sophisticated computer algebra system in a course involving nontrivial mathematics should peruse this book...Those with an applied mathematics orientation should find this work particularly interesting."

Description: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages, PADL 2010, held in Madrid, Spain, in January 2010, colocated with POPL 2010, the Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages.

The 22 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 58 submissions. The volume features original work emphasizing novel applications and implementation techniques for all forms of clarative concepts, including functions, relations, logic, and constraints. The papers address all current aspects of declarative programming; they are organized in topical sections on non-monotonic reasoning - answer set programming, types, parallelism and distribution, code quality assurance, domain specific languages, programming aids, constraints, and tabling - agents.

Description: This book is concerned with the relations between graphs, error-correcting codes and designs, in particular how techniques of graph theory and coding theory can give information about designs. A major revision and expansion of a previous volume in this series, this account includes many examples and new results as well as improved treatments of older material. So that non-specialists will find the treatment accessible the authors have included short introductions to the three main topics. This book will be welcomed by graduate students and research mathematicians and be valuable for advanced courses in finite combinatorics.

Description: A major task for physical oceanographers is to determine the movement of oceanic water from observations. This book introduces a simple, efficient inverse method, the P-vector method, with a two-step determination of the velocity from hydrographic data. A DVD with software, hydrographic data and inverted velocity data is included for practical use. Both the book and the DVD provide insights into the basics of the P-vector inverse method and the features of the inverted global and regional ocean circulations. Upper undergraduate and graduate students as well as oceanographers, marine biologists and other environmental scientists will find this book of great value as a tool for their continuing studies.

Description: This book presents an interdisciplinary overview on the most recent advances in QSAR studies. The first part is handbook-esque and consists of a comprehensive review of QSAR methodology written by outstanding scientists and highly experienced lecturers. It focuses on methodology and new ideas, providing readers with an idea of recent trends and developments in each part of QSAR strategy (descriptors, methods of modelling, validation). The second part highlights the interdisciplinary aspects and new areas of QSAR modelling. It outlines the theoretical framework together with practical applications. The most optimal solutions (descriptors, mathematical/statistical methods, validation) in the individual areas of interest (environmental risk assessment, drug design, etc.) are also discussed in more detail.

Description: The report will provide a brief overview of major themes for women and ICTs, including issues for girls versus women; the ICT workforce; and opportunities versus the threat of ICTs for women s lives. The report will discuss as well the issue of women and Sciences and Technologies. Several policy recommendations will be drawn, amongst which The economic opportunities women can bring to development through ICTs will not be realized unless policies for all mainstream efforts take gender considerations into account. Policy makers should host forums that allow gender experts to debate the issues and arrive at a diversity of perspectives and recommendations that recognize the complexity of the issues and their impact on socio economic development. Policy is needed to ensure that investment in ICTs contributes to more equitable and sustainable development for all.

Description: Agents act on the basis of their beliefs and these beliefs change as they interact with other agents. In this book the authors propose and explain general logical tools for handling change. These tools include preferential reasoning, theory revision, and reasoning in inheritance systems, and the authors use these tools to examine nonmonotonic logic, deontic logic, counterfactuals, modal logic, intuitionistic logic, and temporal logic.

This book will be of benefit to researchers engaged with artificial intelligence, and in particular agents, multiagent systems and nonmonotonic logic.

Description: Despite the apparent activity in the field, the ever increasing rate of development of new engineering materials required to meet advanced technological needs poses fresh challenges in the field of constitutive modelling. The complex behaviour of such materials demands a closer interaction between numerical analysts and material scientists in order to produce thermodynamically consistent models which provide a response in keeping with fundamental micromechanical principles and experimental observations. This necessity for collaboration is further highlighted by the continuing remarkable developments in computer hardware which makes the numerical simulation of complex deformation responses increasingly possible.

Description: The induction of unconsciousness using anesthetic agents demonstrates that the cerebral cortex can operate in two very different behavioral modes: alert and responsive vs. unaware and quiescent. But the states of wakefulness and sleep are not single-neuron properties---they emerge as bulk properties of cooperating populations of neurons, with the switchover between states being similar to the physical change of phase observed when water freezes or ice melts. Some brain-state transitions, such as sleep cycling, anesthetic induction, epileptic seizure, are obvious and detected readily with a few EEG electrodes; others, such as the emergence of gamma rhythms during cognition, or the ultra-slow BOLD rhythms of relaxed free-association, are much more subtle. The unifying theme of this book is the notion that all of these bulk changes in brain behavior can be treated as phase transitions between distinct brain states.

Description: Understand the structure, behavior, and limitations of logic machines with this thoroughly updated third edition. Many new topics are included, such as CMOS gates, logic synthesis, logic design for emerging nanotechnologies, digital system testing, and asynchronous circuit design, to bring students up-to-speed with modern developments. The intuitive examples and minimal formalism of the previous edition are retained, giving students a text that is logical and easy to follow, yet rigorous. Kohavi and Jha begin with the basics, and then cover combinational logic design and testing, before moving on to more advanced topics in finite-state machine design and testing. Theory is made easier to understand with 200 illustrative examples, and students can test their understanding with over 350 end-of-chapter review questions.